Management strategy defines the success of calf programs. Calves are challenged from birth with an immature immune system and at the same time they are programmed to grow quickly. A large part of managing young calves is their feeding program. It is an important first step to ensure that the…

Background As a major energy source, fat is an important element to consider in a calf milk replacer. Type of fat and the selection of emulsifiers impact the digestibility of triglycerides (fats), and thus subsequent metabolism and incorporation into body tissues. Fat, however, has other nutritional effects beyond a source…